Friday, May 31, 2019

The Human Perception of Pain in Conjunction with the Mind-Body Problem

The Human Perception of Pain in Conjunction with the Mind- torso ProblemThere is more investi adit surfacing supporting the notion that people can control their injure. What is left under-examined is the notion of whether the trouble oneself is mediated by the brainpower, mind, or both. We all know that pain is an instinctive sense if you will, necessary to the survival of all living beings. Without pain, it would go unrecognized and exacerbate to the point of death. Pain is a protective mechanism prerequisite to survival. There are three important claims here One is that pain is actually a perception. The second, is the brain mediates the suppression of pain through a gate in the spinal cord. Lastly, since pain is a perception, the mind may decide the degree to which the gate is open, which therefore influences to amount of pain reaching the brain. Recent explore provides evidence that certain brain structures mediate the spinal cord gate. Still controversial is whether recept ivity to pain is biological in origin and completely restricted on the brain, or whether the mind, the entity in an individual responsible for thought, and feelings, conscious or unconscious, controls the nervous system and in the end manipulates ones perception of pain. Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage (1). When pain is described in these terms we can see that pain is a perception, sort of like seeing and hearing. When pain is processed there are a number of brain structures activated, commonly referred to as the central pain matrix (2). It may seem irrelevant to delve into pain signal activation in the brain since it is seemi... ...that ones entire perception of pain may be conscious in origin and simply correlate to the mechanisms of the brain, rather than stem from just the brain entirely. References1)Pain Anatomy http//www.ahs.uwaterloo.ca/ ranney/painanat.html2)The Human Perception of Pain http//dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/nva/humanperception.html3)Brain Pain Pathways http//psych.athabascau.ca/html/Psych289/Biotutorials/19/intro.shtml?sso=true4)Modification of pain within the spinal cordhttp//www.manbit.com/obstetspain/obnlp3.htm 5)The Skeptics Dictionary http//skepdic.com/mind.html6)Mind and Body Interactions http//www.mindbody.org/ 7)Mind-Body-Medicine http//www.mind-body-medicine.com/8)Mind and Body Wellness http//membrane.com/ncata/lynn/9) Carlson, Neil R., Physiology of Behavior. Needham Heights A Pearson Education Company, 2001.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Extinction Of Dinosaurs Essay -- essays research papers

Extinction of Dinosaurs     Two-hundred and thirty million years ago the prototypic dinosaur-likecreature roamed the earth. Within five million years it could be considered adinosaur. They were soon at the top of the food chain. They populated everycontinent. Then 65 million years ago they vanished. The most powerfulcreatures ever to live on earth had become extinct.     Dinosaurs were not the only victims of this "mass extinction." Therewere some otherwise species that were killed off. During what is known as the K-Textinction (K stands for Cretaceous, T stands for Tertiary), many species andfamilies became extinct. These include all marine reptiles such as plesiosaurs,mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, and ammonites, swimming and flying reptiles, seacrocodiles, and foraminifera. In addition to that there were many bony fish,sponges, snails, clams, and sea urchins became extinct.     Paleontologists have proposed scenario s that could have caused theseextinctions. One such scenario involves the growing number of small mammalswhich ate dinosaur eggs, and therefore caused the dinosaurs abide rate to drop.The birth rate became smaller than the death rate and the dinosaurs died out.This, however, is not a plausible scenario. This would only account for thedinosaurs, but not all the other creatures of that time. Paleontologists neededto come up with a more plausible and de...

Mary, Queen of Scots by Gordon Donaldson Essay -- Mary, Queen of Scots

The biography that is being reviewed is bloody shame, Queen of frugal by Gordon Donaldson. Mary Stuart, was born(p) at Linlithge Palace on declination 8, 1542, sixs days later she became Queen of Scotland. Mary became Queen of France and soon her greediness grew and she wanted to take over England. Mary was unwilling to stay in France, so she went back to Scotland. There her second husband died and she was imprisoned in England for the suspicion of the murder. Mary had a bad outcome to her life. Mary got caught in attempting an assassination of Queen Elizabeth for which she was beheaded on February 8, 1587. In conclusion, Mary had a hard life trying to keep her thrones. The first chapter in the book discusses the reign of King James V, father of Mary Stuart. He became King of Scotland at the age of one after his fathers closing at the Battle of Flodden. His marriage to princess Madeleine shuttinged after her sudden death, and James then get hitched with Mary of Guise-Lorraine in 1538. This marriage cemented the Alliance between Scotland and France except worsened relations with England leading to the war with Henry VIII, which ended in Scottish defeat in 1542. James V died in Falkland Palace, on December 14, 1542, As a worn-out, desperate man, at the age of thirty years. His daughter Mary, just six days old, was his successor. In chapter two Mary, Queen of Scots was being educated in France, where she was sheltered from the danger of Scotland, England and France and their constant bloodshed. During Marys childhood, France, England, and Scotland fought over religious decisions and particularly over who should control the church. At the end of the chapter, the Book of Discipline, comes into effect on setting up a regional organization for the Church. In the beginning of chapter three, Mary is eighteen years old, married and then widowed, and she is Queen of Scotland and France. The King of England, Francis, is dying, and Mary has the thirst for more power by trying to become Queen of England. Marys sister-in-law, Elizabeth, as well as finds the radical of being Queen tempting tho by being illegitimate by birth, Mary feels she has the upper hand. She marries Lord Darnley, her English cousin, and is infatuated with him in the beginning, but she soon starts to dislike him and refuses his demands for crown matrimonial. Darnley becomes jealous of Marys most trusted fri... ...itness the execution of Sir John Gordon in 1562, faced her own end with calm, courage, and self-worth.The strengths of the book are very apparent. The book provides an in depth description of Mary Stuart from her appearance, to the sports in which she liked to play. Also, the book shows pictures of the castles in which Mary stayed in and also of Mary and her first husband, Francis II. In addition, this book can creatively make you visualize specific events that occurred in Marys life. The one major failing of the book was that it was a to i nformative for the average reader. By describing the many ruling families of England, France, and Scotland, this book proved to be quite confusing in recognizing which family belonged to which country. Also, the author seemed to commencement from one time period to the next without any flowing text. I feel that this book should mainly be read by above-average reading direct students in high school/ college or by people interested in that particular time period. I enjoyed reading about Mary Stuart and her disturb life. It was sometimes hard to grasp the content, however, when I did comprehend the material, it was quite interesting.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay -- Behavior Disorders A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder minimal brain damage (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is like living in a turbulent moving kaleidoscope where sounds, images and thoughts are constantly shifting. (NIMH- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) ADHD can be very frustrating and difficult for chelaren. Medication and treatment are available and have been proved effective. Parents can also get frustrated and they could do something wrong. ADHD is effectively treated with medication and therapy. There are three basic types of ADHD. They are in vigilance, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. (NIMH-ADHD) A child may have one, any combination of two or even all three of these types. If a child has a hard clock keeping their mind on one thing or if they get bored easy they have a type of ADHD that is called inattention. If the child has hyperactivity ADHD, they are always moving, cant sit still, and talk incessantly. They squirm in their seat or pace around the ro om. If the child has impulsive ADHD they are unable to think before they do something. They might run out into the street without looking, or blurt out something completely inappropriate. Parents must understand that everyone shows signs of ADHD at times, so the DMS (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) has a specific guideline for determining ADHD. (Aschenbrenner, Diane S.) Showing signs of ADHD could mean the child is suffering from inveterate fear of mild seizures. If the child has problems in school it could mean one of three things. One is the child actually has ADHD. The child has trouble paying attention and may get frustrated with school. Two, the child does not have ADHD the child is just bored with the subject because of the ease of it and therefore shows signs of ADHD. Or three, the child again does not have ADHD, but is having trouble because they are just not developmentally ready for the material. There is no direct link from ADHD to bad parenti ng or inadequate home-life. Although, if the child does have ADHD, good parenting and support is necessary. Bad parents only make things more difficult for both the children and the parents. Parents often ask, What did I do wrong? but in fact the question is often times irrelevant. Scientists have learned a lot about ADHD in the past decade. They have determined things that do not cause ADHD that multitude usually blame right away. They are too much televi... ...Many people go through counseling. So kids with ADHD must make the change as gradual as possible. They should continue therapy even after they live on their own. They should talk to their doctor about continuing medication. It is very important that an ADHD child does this because it would be rough if they did not continue to seek therapy. ADHD is a life complicating disorder. It would be easier if nobody had to suffer though this horrible disorder, but until they figure that out they do. However people with this disorder can be successfully be treated with a combination of medication and good therapy. A set of good parents helps too. People with bad parents are worse off in life in general. An ADHD child needs a lot of support in the process of growing up in order to be successful in society. Sources CitedAbout ADD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, on hand(predicate) at http//add.about.comAschenbrenner, Diane S., Drug Therapy in Nursing, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, March 2005Attention Deficit Disorder Association, Available at http//www.add.orgNIMH-ADHD Available at http//www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/adhd/complete-publication.shtml

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Macbeth essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth is one of the most gruesome plays ever in the history of theater and play writing. Throughout the play, there were various acts or quotes that gave exercise of the dark and bloody theme of the play. One of the many themes of this play, is fair is choke, foul is fair. This theme shows how foul play and evil helps the characters succeed in their lives. Many times, this foul play gets the characters into trouble. The theme fair is foul, foul is fair is a great theme to express the feeling and tone set in this playAs the play begins, three witches are gathered together chanting fair is foul, foul is fair. Right in the beginning the mood is set in a gloomy tone. A bloody man then came in to report that Macbeth and Banquo had fought. For Macbeths bravery, Duncan made Macbeth thane of Cawdor. This is a good thing because it gave Macbeth more power. The bad stir up is that later Macbeth will kill Duncan to become king. Not to long after, Macbeth accounts at the weather and says, So foul and fair a day I pull in not seen. This refers to the gloomy weather that has come over, which also helps in setting the tone. In the play, Macbeth also mentions, If chance will have me king, why chance whitethorn crown me without my stir. This basically means that if Macbeth is crowned as king, he will not have a problem with that, but he is not going away to go out of his way to become the king. lady Macbeth had a few things to do or say, which incorporated into the theme fair is foul, foul is fair. Lady Macbeth is a woman, but is meaner, and fiercer than a man. She also casts spells to make herself even more evil and manly. This phase slowly declines as the play goes on, and she becomes more and more afraid of what she has done. Also, Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to look like an innocent flower, but be serpent under it. This is a great example of fair is foul, foul is fair. She is basically telling Macbeth to look kind and innocent, but to act out his evil that is deep d own inside of him.Death is also an object used to fit into this theme in various parts of the play.

Macbeth essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth is one of the most gruesome plays ever in the history of sign of the zodiac and play writing. Throughout the play, there were various acts or quotes that gave example of the dark and bloody theme of the play. One of the many themes of this play, is fair is repellent, foul is fair. This theme shows how foul play and evil helps the characters succeed in their lives. Many times, this foul play gets the characters into trouble. The theme fair is foul, foul is fair is a cracking theme to hold the feeling and tone set in this playAs the play begins, three witches are gathered together chanting fair is foul, foul is fair. properly in the beginning the mood is set in a gloomy tone. A bloody man then came in to report that Macbeth and Banquo had fought. For Macbeths bravery, Duncan do Macbeth thane of Cawdor. This is a good thing because it gave Macbeth more power. The bad part is that later Macbeth will kill Duncan to become king. Not to long after, Macbeth looks at the weathe r and says, So foul and fair a day I view not seen. This refers to the gloomy weather that has come over, which as well as helps in setting the tone. In the play, Macbeth also mentions, If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir. This basically means that if Macbeth is crowned as king, he will not have a problem with that, but he is not going to go out of his way to become the king. Lady Macbeth had a few things to do or say, which incorporated into the theme fair is foul, foul is fair. Lady Macbeth is a woman, but is meaner, and fiercer than a man. She also casts spells to make herself even more evil and manly. This phase belatedly declines as the play goes on, and she becomes more and more afraid of what she has done. Also, Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to look like an innocent flower, but be serpent under it. This is a great example of fair is foul, foul is fair. She is basically telling Macbeth to look kind and innocent, but to act out his evil that is deep down inside of him. close is also an object used to fit into this theme in various parts of the play.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Madonna the Goldfinch

Henry Kutilek Grinvalds Humanities (A8) 10/31/12 Emotions From the Finch 100 years ago the first car was made. This created an simply new form of transportation that was innovative to that generation. Similarly, the 100 year difference between the end of the Medieval Era and beginning of the Renaissance Era showed nasty changes in the form of art. The painting bloody shame the Goldfinch by Raphael Sanzio was created in c. 1505-1506. This was the very beginning of the Renaissance Era, and the painting strived for perfection unlike any of the paintings created in the lead it.Madonna the Goldfinch portrays a sense intrigued curiosity, but to those who analyze it will find a guiding informative response with a deep understanding of emblematic foreshadowing. This essay will discuss the visual, expressive, and associative responses experience from Raphaels painting, The Madonna the Goldfinch. The responded will be ordered by when chronologically experienced. The primary response I feel is visual. The first thing that catches my eye is the pale face of the woman (bloody shame) and her blue and red clothes. Her face is close to white, its large, and located at the top of the painting.She is flavour down, and the expression on her face looks close to surprised, with a faint smirk on her lips. This makes me think she is curious, yet knowing of the situation at hand. Next I look at the two children on the left and right (John the Baptist, Jesus) below bloody shame. I immediately nonice the clothed John and naked Jesus, and then the shuttle that John is holding. He is offering it to Jesus, and Jesus strokes the top of its head with assurance. He is also being held tightly between Marys knees, and she has an arm well-nigh John, which makes me feel like she is encouraging him.These three bodies make a near perfect triangle, which balances the painting to a tee. Also, the colors on their bodies contrast the green decorate in the background. I notice this, and then sa w that there is a city very far in the distance across a river (Florence, Italy). If I had been another foot away from the painting I wouldnt declare noticed this, and without the zoom in feature on the google art galleries I would not have known it was a city. Either side of the bodies show two different landscapes, and they are both of equal size.On the left side shows trees in the distance, along with a bridge. The most impressive showings of detail are found in the bird, Johns hair, and the city in the background. This had to be truly amazing for the race in this time period. Not only is this painting artistically impressive, it is expressively impressive. The first feeling I get when looking at this painting is security. Mary is holding Jesus tightly between her knees, and holding an arm around John. Along with this, John is gently holding on to a bird that he is offering to Jesus.Marys face looks similar to a teacher watching a student try something new they just learned, an d her holding the book adds to this. every of this makes me feel guidance, and gives me a motherly feeling of distinguish that can push me along with whatever troubles I have in my life. The aspect of motherly love is exactly how I relate to this picture. I associate this painting with a favorite picture in my house of my mother watching my two oldest brothers reckon when they were just a few years old. It struck me early on in the viewing of the picture how similar it is to my young family.My mom is watching over them while they are sitting down in the yard, and my oldest brother is offering my other brother a toy to play with. The similarities between Marys face and my moms is shocking. These similarities make me think about what is actually happening in the painting, and the story that is being told. This is called the intellectual response. One main theme I enamor is actually a Renaissance Concept, that that is Emulation of the Classics. Art made in Europe in the Medieval E ra was all mainly funded by the church, and in turn it was made to glorify god.It is obvious this painting is doing something similar, but just with a perfected brush stroke that had depth and balance. Also, the idea of Humanism comes into play. Mary is holding a book that she seems to have just been reading, and in the Renaissance Era people were just beginning to not be afraid to learn. possibly Raphael was trying to portray that reading is an okay and safe thing to do by having someone as idealistic as Mary reading. I noticed how both Mary and John have halos above their head, but Jesus does not.I was very confused by this at first, and it made my question whether the bird had something to do with it. Upon researching I learned that this bird is a Goldfinch, a bird that eats primarily off of throned plants. The legend is that when Jesus was carrying his cross to become crucified he had a thorn painfully poking at his head, and a Goldfinch flew over to him and removed it from his head. The Goldfinch is often used as a symbol of resurrection, so there is no doubt in my mind that the bird is used as a symbol of John foretelling Jesus about his future. Madonna the Goldfinch is a truly amazing piece of artwork, with incredible attention to detail. It made me think about how good Raphael is as an artist, but also what he meant to portray. In my eyes, it shows the guidance of a mother and the wonder of two children. It really made me interpret the painting in ways I never have before, like considering facial expressions and what they mean. If I had to rename this painting it would be Wisdom of the Goldfinch. This is because the bird is the focus of the painting and it is causing the emotions of all of the people in the painting, through which wisdom is being passed.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Chapter 2 Review Questions †Information Systems Essay

1. When determining the appropriate hardware components of a new information system, what role must the user of the system play? a. concourse involved in selecting their organizations computer hardware must clearly understand current and future business requirements so they can befuddle informed acquisition decisions.2. Identify two characteristics of RAM and ROM.a. Random Access Memory is episodic and volatile. Read-Only-Memory is nonvolatile and permanent.3. What is RFID technology? How does it work?a. Radio Frequency naming is a technology that employs a microchip with an antenna to broadcast its unique identifier and location to receivers. The purpose of the system is to transmit info by a wide awake device, called a tag, which is read by an RFID reader and processed according to the needs of an information system program.4. Identify the three components of the CPU and explain the role of each. a. The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) The part of the CPU that performs the mathem atical calculations and makes logical comparisons. b. Control Unit The part of the CPU that sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, and coordinates the flow of data in and out of the ALU, the registers the primary storage, and even secondary storage and various output devices. c. Register storage area special, high-speed area within the CPU temporary storage area. It works under the control of the control unit.5. What is Solid State Storage technology? What advantages does it offer? a. A flash drive is an example of SS technologies. It stores data in memory chips rather than magnetic or optical media. b. Memory chips need less power and provide faster data access, and have alone few moving parts, so that they are less fragile.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Dental Fillings: A Threat to Your Health or Harmless?

According to the American Dental Association, dentists have been using dental amalgam fillings for over a century. Its the least expensive type of filling, used in roughly a third of procedures to replace tooth decay (Southall 1). The amalgam fillings often called silver fillings rest of a mixture of metals Fifty percent liquid hectogram and a fifty percent mixture of silver, tin, and copper (Magner 1). In the 1970s slightly of the first base packs were made that the hectogram in amalgam fillings could be responsible for many wellness problems (Magner 1).Since then, scientific studies and research on amalgam fillings have unveiled a wide range of health problems that come from mercury exposure, and groups are urging the F. D. A. to ban these so called silver fillings. However, the F. D. A. stills deems amalgam fillings safe for adults and children over six, leaving the widely distributed public with the question, Do amalgam fillings pose a significant threat to human health? Since the F. D. A. eemed amalgam fillings safe for the public, many people hold the spatial relation that the mercury used in dental fillings is safe and poses no threat to human health. The F. D. A. has based its decision, to allow dentists to use amalgam fillings, on scientific try out that proved there were no harmful effects from amalgam fillings. In Sharon Begleys informative oblige atomic number 80 Tooth Fillings F. D. A. Does an About Face, she states in 2006 the Journal of the American Medical Association had come to a conclusion on the threats of amalgam fillings. The conclusion after following entirely over 1,000 kids for five years in one study and seven years in the other, the scientists found no evince of harmful effects (1).In Begleys article one of the science teams declared that, No statistically significant differences were found between children in the amalgam and composite groups. In I. Q. , in memory abilities, in visuomotor. In all, there were no statistic ally significant differences in adverse neuropsychologicaleffects observed (1). Begleys article offered strong cientific deduction supporting the FDAs decision to defend the use of amalgam fillings in America. Ashley Southall put forth an article in 2009 noting mercury levels safe in fillings. Southall mentions that the F. D. A. had stated, while elemental mercury has been associated with adverse health effects at high exposures, the levels released by dental amalgam fillings are not high enough to cause harm in patients (1). Although Southall did use some statements from the F. D. A. , she failed to use specific scientific studies to support the F. D. A. s claim of amalgam fillings being safe which made her article weak. Not only is there scientific evidence that amalgam fillings arent dangerous, there is also the basic fact of chemistry The mercury in dental amalgam chemically binds to other elements the root is a substance that is hard, stable, and safe (Magner 5). People who hold the view that the mercury used in dental fillings poses no threat are supporting their views with much scientific studies. According to Lois Magner some of the most compelling data has come from studies on dentists.Magner states, studies have shown that dentists do tend to have higher levels of mercury in the urine than does the general population. Yet dentists still have no greater risk of illness or death. In other words, even dentists above-average mercury levels do not seem to be high enough to cause harm (5). Magner fears that even though the risk posed by the mercury in amalgam fillings is minimal to none and even though it is cost effective, it can still be banned on unfounded fears (7).On the contrary, many hold the viewpoint that the mercury in amalgam fillings is dangerous and has adverse health effects. Supporters of this view may have based their decision of scientific evidence as well. In an article put forth by the Physicians for Social Responsibility it stated, autopsy results have shown that methylmercury causes nerve cell death and scarring in selected areas of the hotshot (2). Not only is the brain affected from methlymercury so is the cardiovascular system.There have been links between methlymercury and high blood pressure, heart-rate abnormalities, and heart disease (Physicians 2). The Physiciams also noted that while several reed organ systems in the body can be affected by methylmercury, the major target system is the central nervous system, and the most vulnerable life lay out is fetal (1). There was also a study put forth by the Centers for Disease Control that found nearly 8% of women of childbearing ages had mercury levels to high to be considered safe for a fetus (Physicians 3).This could mean millions of children and women are at risk for adverse health effects associated with mercury poisoning. The article Mercury Contamination Poses a Serious Health Threat, offers strong scientific evidence supporting the claim of adverse health effects from mercury exposure, and could unimpeachably change ones mind on the decision to keep or remove their amalgam fillings. I have come to the conclusion that amalgam fillings may be dangerous in large quantities. If I had the means to remove my amalgam fillings safely I would. I have watched many peoples testimonies on youtube. om supporting the claim that their amalgam fillings were the cause of several adverse health effects, and that once the fillings were removed many cancers and disease left the body. Many of these people were taking a holistic approach to health and had had their amalgam fillings removed in conjunction with a lifestyle freeing the body of intoxicants. Although I have found much evidence supporting the claim that amalgam fillings arent a threat to my health, I still fear they may be.A judge accused the FDA of dragging its feet when it came to the regulations of amalgam fillings (Begley 1), and the F. D. A. as classified amalgam fillings as a Cla ss II or moderate risk, medical device (Southall 1). Still more research and scientific evidence in America packs to be put forth in order for the F. D. A. to put strict regulations on the use of mercury in fillings. I have also found in my research that working in the dental field may also be dangerous because of the high levels of mercury. unfortunately these are not from credible sources. In this great country of Amercia we have the Freedom of the Press and it just sickens me that conglomerates have wangle of about two-thirds of our newspapers and can control what is printed (Burns 2).In order to get the truth on whether or not amalgam fillings can cause adverse health effects, one must evaluate wherefore the F. D. A. is motivated to deem amalgam fillings safe, when so many individuals have come forth proving the contrary. Who pays the F. D. A. after all? Is a question I still need to answer myself. As for now the American Dental Association isnt going to get rid of an afford able practical solution to tooth decay just because some individuals think their health issues were related to their amalgam fillings.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Swot Analysis of Railway Transportation

1. 1 Study aim * To fulfil the requirement of this module, Introduction to Land Transportation and tagways mode * The objective of this study is concerned with identifying Analysis of Railways Transport. * To gain extra knowledge on Land transferenceation that will help me now and in the future. 1. 2 image The first step concerns of introducing Land express and Railways mode. Second step is showing the Strength and Weakness Analysis of Railways then discuss in details on Strength and Weakness points. 1. 3 Introduction We use various products in our daily life.But do we know where be they produced? Many of them be produced at variant hindquarterss far away from our locality. So how do we get them? These argon carried on from all those places through rail, road or air and are made usable to us at our locality. You must have seen trucks, tempo, bullock carts etc. Those would be stockpileing products and raw materials from a place to another. Similarly, you overly must have seen people traveling from one place to another by buses, trains, cars, scooters, rickshaws, cycles, etc. This movement of goods and individuals is very important in business.Because of this, raw materials draw the place of manufacture, finished products reach the place of sale or consumption, individuals move around to manage the business, etc. In this lesson, let us learn how goods and passengers move from one place to another. 2. 1 humor of Transport Basically transport is possible through land, air or water, which is called the different modes of transport. On land we use trucks, tractors, etc. , to carry goods train, bus, cars etc. to carry passengers. In air, we find aeroplanes, helicopters to carry passengers as well as goods.Similarly in water we find ships, steamers, etc. , to carry goods and passengers. All these are known as various means of transport. Let us discuss near(prenominal) various modes of transport. The modes of transport cornerstone be broadly divided into three categories Land transport, pee transport and Air transport. 2. 2 Land Transport Land transport refers to activities of physical movement of goods and passengers on land. This movement takes place on road, rail, rope or pipe. So land transport may further be divided into Road transport, Rail transport, Ropeway transport, pipeline transport.Let us know the details about Rail Transport. 2. 3 Rail transport Transportation of goods and passengers on rail lines through trains is called rail transport. It occupies an important place in land transport formation of our country and is the most dependable mode of transport to carry goods and passengers over a yen distance. Besides long distance, local transport of passengers is as well as provided by local trains or metro-rail in some metropolitan cities. Rail transport is available throughout the country except some hilly or mountainous regions. In India two types of trains are found.One is passenger train and other is goods t rain. While passenger trains carry both human beings and a limited quantity of goods, the goods trains are exclusively used for carrying goods from one place to another. These trains are driven by rail engines and they use steam, diesel or electric power to move. Let us now discuss the SWOT Analysis of Rail Transport. Figure 1 SWOT Analysis of Rail Transport 3. 1 SWOT Analysis of Rail Transport in Malaysia There is some strength, weakness, opportunities and threats have been found in the rail transport system of Malaysia.Malaysia main rail system was mange by Kereta Api Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) since the 1940s, the rail line caller-up manage a total of 1,699km of tracks in the Peninsular Malaysia. Below are the SWOT analyses for KTMB 3. 1. 1 Strength * Cheap The fares offer by KTMB are relatively low price, therefore it is affordable by the universe in Kuala Lumpur. Fares from 1 station to another are below 5 Ringgit Malaysia, example put Tasik Selatan to Mid Valley Station on ly cost about RM2. 40 for an adult. * Eco-Friendly Since most of the train operated by Malaysian Railway was powered by crash electric wire, no carbon emission was produce.Therefore by using the train, air pollution was minimizes. * Large Capacity Since train can be long by adding wagon or carriage and will have a huge capacity, it is possible to handle a large amount of freight transportation and similarly passengers to one place to another. In KTMB, trains are capable to handle large amount of cargoes and up to 300 passengers per trip. * Long Distance Trains are design for any short or long distance of travelling. From one point to another, modern train can be faster than cars to reach a destination.Since KTMB has a long track of 1699km, it is easy for traveller from the north of Perlis to travel to the south of Johor with ease. Thus without wasting time, effort and cost, traveller can relax by travelling on train. * No Road Congestion Road congestion is a major issue in every city around the world, spending time on road congestion are a lot frustrating and waste of time. Since rail transport can travel on its single track without much obstacle, it is cease from road congestion. Publics in Kuala Lumpur often take KTM Commuter to lap up as a mode of transport to avoid the heavy traffic in disrupt hours of Kuala Lumpur. . 1. 2 Weakness * Crowded Although train are free from road congestion, it is impossible for people to avoid the crowded situation in the carriage during vizor hour. It is worst when the air-conditioning system was failing or the people around are sweating or dirty. In Malaysia, during the morning when people are reporting to work or schools, noon during lunch hour and heretoforeing when everyone is rushing home will be the worst time to be on board on a commuter train. * Delays Rail transport can cover and reach many an(prenominal) cities, therefore proper time management must be use to prevent delays or late arrivals.Unfortunately for KTMB, delays are the most common sight in their stations, sometimes it can delay up to an hour or more(prenominal). This delays often packing the station and also the carriage even more crowded, KTMB users often need to wait for few train to pass by before they even can get into a crowded train. * High Maintenance Cost One of the weaknesses that can be found in every railway company will be the high maintenance cost. Railways Company has to spend a lot of cash during train overhaul, track maintenance, electric cable replacement and many more.While in the case of Malaysian Railway, cash was spend on maintenance of the track and refurbishment in most of their old carriers while importing for the freshly electrical train to arrive from Mitsubishi Electric and Rotem. * Low Flexibility Train are design to run only on steel tracks, therefore the train destination and pit-stop are fixed reducing the flexibility of choice of destination. With the limited choice of destination it will be hard to fulfill the holds in certain(prenominal) areas. Thus, it is important for the company to decide where to build a station to fulfil the demands and not edifice it for a waste.KTMB stations in certain area are old and sometimes too close to another station, worst the number of people getting down the station was less. While in certain areas the demand was high but the users might need to walk or take bus to reach the nearest station. * Sound Pollution Sound was produce from the engines kick the bucket (diesel power engines), the steel wheels running friction and also the horning sound. While the tracks for the train to run on were often near to the housing area, this often irritates the resident in the areas.The track for KTM some were build just few meters away from their backyard, therefore the sound of every train pass by can be chinchy and annoying during rest hour. 3. 1. 3 Opportunity * Development of Public Transport Theres huge area available for development in public transport in Malaysia. Public transport system in Malaysia are serving the public around an average score only, therefore, it is undeniable that rail transport can be prospect or to be a key saviour to improve and develop the public transport system. For KTMB, it is under discussion of building a railway line for high performance bullet train to serve the public.With this, it will be an advantage for traveller from neighbouring countrys to reach Kuala Lumpur in a matter of hours. * Advertisement (Income) Carriage or wagon often had spacing on the exterior available for paint works or advertising purposes. Therefore, by renting this spacing out to the commercialise for business purpose will be an advantage to earn additional income for the company and quail the time to time painting cost for the carriage or wagon. KTMB can rent out more spacing for advertising instead of just maintaining it with the yellow, blue air and red colour. * Social ServicesPeople with disability of ten had a hard time travelling with other mode of transport such(prenominal) as getting on a bus or a taxi. Therefore, with rail transport, Railway Company can design their station for disability friendly and prepare a fussy section for the disability to enter the train. KTMB can build slopes and blind guides floor for the local OKU (Orang Kurang Upaya) in every station. The company can also employ a instructor on the ground to guide this people into the train. * Increase Employment Rate Managing a railway company requires many workers to nark it a success.Therefore, railway companies such as KTMB can employ people to manage the railway track, locomotive, power lines, scheduling of train and many more cable placement. * Technology Improvement Since technology around the world are improving, it can also help to improve the technology apply on the train. Train in some countries has started to run on magnet force. Therefore, it has a huge gap of technology in Malaysia to be improved . KTMB should start to change and improve their technology not only on tracks but also their station and ticketing system. 3. 1. 4 Threat * Losing Market ShareWith the rise of air and sea transport industry, it is getting harder and harder for rail transport to gain a place in the market. This is because other mode of transportation is providing better services than rail. Therefore in order for KTMB to survive in the market of freight transportation, the company should provide more services such as delivering to door step and at the same to time for additional revenue. * Political hinderance Since rail transport is partly subsidized by the government on helm, the government will tend to interfere with the management of the firm.These delays some strategic decisiveness of KTMB, such as what kind of train should be bought and when will it be bought. Thus, this limited the performance and improvement of KTMB. * Changing Technology Change of technology can be a huge threat for the rail way transport. The rapid improvement in the world of technology might be a disaster for some railway company as they are short of capital to follow up the trend of technology. Slowing down of improvement will pay some price to the environment (pollution) and customer (uncomfortable). The technology use by KTMB is still falling behind other country railway system.Therefore, it is important for them to improve it as soon as possible before it irritates the consumer. * Competition In urban areas, there are many other mode of public transport such as taxi and busses. It is a huge competition to stay on top of the others. While in long distance travel competitors such as airlines and busses can be found too. Therefore, in order for KTMB to have a lead against others, it is important to improve their services in every aspect and also to improve their current technology. * Private Transport Since the government are promoting their local made cars.It has become a trend for most of the house hold to have at least 2 cars and drive to work daily. Thus, this reduced the number of people using public transport and private transport is more flexible and more comfortable. Therefore, KTMB should build station in strategic places, control the number of people in a train and market the goods of using a train. 4. 1 Conclusion As we apply this SWOTconception Railways we see that there is a solid strength of Railways in itself as well as weaknesses of it. It has great opportunities in its circle as well as threats from other private sector efforts.In other words we can say that Railways is a astray used term in Economy. References * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Freight_rail_transport * http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_Disadvantages_of_rail_transport * http//www. publishyourarticles. org/knowledge-hub/business-studies/what-are-the-advantages-a-disadvantages-of-railway-transport. html * http//www. saudirailways. org/portal/page/portal/PRTS/root/Home/01_About_Us/02Establishment_A dvantages/02AdvantagesofRailwayTransport * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rail_transport * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rail * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bulk_cargo

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Leaderships: Gender and Characteristics Essay

Leader from different grammatical gender can bring unplayfully and bad to organization. However, studies shows bad and skillful attr proceeding can be from both manful and egg-producing(prenominal) leading. From the fiters perspective, there were no significant indicators shows any male or female attractions is the worst or good attraction (Singh P., Nadim A.& Ezzedeen S.R, 2012)In recent years, more and more wo men becoming a leader in organization, here in Malaysia itself, rim Negara Malaysia is led by a women. This topic, Leadership style and gender had receive interesting and most intensely studied in the field of Leadership.The purpose of this articles is to attain leaderships styles by different gender and what are the feature film identified as a good or bad leaders for each gender. Some characteristic may share by both gender and some may be uniquely to one gender. By bring uping these criteria we should be adapted to further identify which styles significa nt for each.Literature ReviewLeadership in organization is defined as a process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its effort toward ending setting and goal achievement (Stogdill, 1950). By the definitions, we can firmly confirm that either male or female can be a leader which the long belief that leadership effectiveness equates with masculinity and being male (Eagly & Karau, 2002).Gender differences in organization leaderships style is still total of ambiguity and paradox despite the number of studies done to address the topic. There are still unanswered questions (Moran, B. B., 1992). Further field of view in gender differences in leadership style were further studied by Eagly and Johnson (1990). The findings indicates that women were more participative or democratic compared to men. Men were more directive or autocratic than women.Contingency possibleness suggest men and women use different approaches to leaderships, women focus on social and emotional co ncerns and being supportive of their members whereas men are more task orientated (Gray, 1992). This two characteristics, referred as democratic and autocratic leadership styles.Traditional leadership models and expectations are still in gift, presenting challenges for women in such employments. An exploration of gender stereotypes roughly leadership serves as a foundation for positing new leadership definitions and strategies for successful negotiation of leadership roles.In the Malaysia, career expectations for both women and men have shifted all over time. If women are in traffics in which leadership is expected, additional concerns re after-hoursd to this pressure may be raised. C. West and Zimmer- man (1987) suggested that gender is in fact an action that allows someones to ascribe meaning to daily functions and describe the way that specific gender roles enable and enhance certain functions.Bem (1974) began the discussion on gender in the late 1970s and presented a gend er continuum. She suggested that androgyny is the sought-after perspective to highlight the best of a persons masculine and feminine sides, rather than the handed-downly prescribed focus on gender roles for men and women. The androgynous approach is meant to liberate men and women to more freely express themselves and their masculine and feminine qualities. paroleTraditional perspectives and gender roles may be denigrated by some and expected by others. Thus, the female leader is left in a quandary. As gender, an bring out worthy of regard, has received more attention, genders role in career transitions, career choice, and career success has been studied.Learning how to be a leader may present yet another challenge for female leader. Considered within the frame contribute of feminism, mentoring itself may be counter to ideals of equality by virtue of the derangement of power inherent in the relationship. However, such an assumption is based on the handed-down notion of mentoring relationships in which there is a teacher and a student. suspect of being perceived as having a separatist attitude, many women tacitly agree to play the game, whose rules were made by the men who typically held the power, and attempt to draw off ahead passkeyly by following the traditionally male-oriented routes to success. Other women may feel marginalized by this perspective and fear that they will not be able to get ahead without sacrificing family, relationships, or their personal well-being.Many men are faced with an even greater challenge to uphold the masculine gender role expectation to be career-driven and success-oriented, when in fact they may prefer to spend more time with family, friends, and generally nurturing themselves and their relationships (Staggenborg, 1998).Through historical examples and traditional organization leadership, women may receive the message that assuming leadership means they must sacrifice in other areas of their life.Perhaps the definitions and portrayal of leadership are in submit of exploration to address their inherent challenges to different gender. Examining traditional definitions of leadership, leadership styles, and the role of gender in leadership provides a foundation for understanding these challenges and creates a programme for opportunities for reform and support.J. D. West, Osborn, and Bubenzer (2003) suggested trio leadership dimensions context, vision, and action. Context involves exploration of the population or task, vision reflects work to achieve an intended goal, and action moves people and process toward shift and improvement.Leadership requires one to be an advocate for a profession, a cause, or a task (J. D. West et al., 2003). Similarly, Borders and Shoffner (2003) defined leaders as individuals who are sort agents, social activists, and catalysts in their disciplines. In the counseling profession, leaders may be in various smirchs and serve unnumerable functions. Given these functions, leadership may be a sought-after quality. The degree to which a daily work is construed as fulfilling a leadership role may be a reflection of the professions definition.Leadership Styles It is perhaps the manner in which one leads that distinguishes style and experience of ability. Collaborative, transformational, and context-driven leadership styles are inherently geared toward stereotyped interpersonal leadership styles attributed to women. At odds with the traditional view of how women should behave are the characteristically male leadership styles that are driven by authoritarianism and swift ratiocination making.A qualitative study of eight female leaders suggested that womens leadership attributes and behaviors are actually an interaction between personal, interpersonal, and professional domains (Black & Magnuson, 2005). Black and Magnuson (2005) highlighted authenticity, compassion, and vision, reputeively, with the three domains they identified. It energy even be sugges ted that the traditional hierarchical model of leadership, challenged by feminist efforts to equalize power (Humble et al., 2006), runs counter to the actual lived fuck of womens leadership.An individuals leadership style reflects a unique combination of personality traits and professional goals and vision (Black & Magnuson, 2005). It is claimd that leadership style will correlate with success. Yet, the myriad books describing leaders across disciplines do not advocate a specific leadership style (e.g., J. D. West et al., 2003).Leadership Theory The Role of Gender Leadership, by implication, suggests power. Yet, power comes in many forms and, historically, addresses issues of oppression. Dimensions of race, gender, and class have been conduits of oppression. Gender has not been fully explored within the context of oppression and may have a place in discussions of hierarchy and power (Murray, 2006). Stepping into a leadership role can be a means of exerting power over traditionally oppressed groups or, conversely, a means of reacting to ones own history of oppression and thereby exerting ones first experience with power.Multiple cultural identities have challenged the stereotypes of leadership. For example, Bradley (2005) discussed the traditional stereotypes for professional African American women as either Mammy or Sapphire, referencing instead the nurturing and strength they bring to their professional roles. There are penalties for holding professional roles that by nature do not fit with the stereotypes of African American women, including criticism by other.Traditional masculine and feminine traits are stereotyped in terms of leadership potential. Women in leadership positions are often expected to demonstrate typical masculine traits such as decisiveness, authority, and directness. Women are perceived to work from a care and relational orientation, and these traits may be inconsistent with the traditional concept of leadership (Gilligan, 1982). However , concepts of patriarchal power and hegemonic masculinity challenge women to uphold traditional gender role expectations (Coleman, 2003).Participants in a qualitative study of female head teachers in England and Wales found advantageous ways to step outside of the male role (Coleman, 2003). Several participants in this study discussed using feminine wiles and having different interactions with men to achieve their professional functions. Whether decisiveness, authority, and directness are indeed reserved for men and masculine behavior is a multilayered question that addresses surface behaviors and, more deeply, effective leadership styles.There are distinct challenges for women who wish to assume leadership positions, either by choice or by nature of their abilities.. The profession must move beyond leadership stereotypes to which female leaders may conform and supercharge the strengths of each individual. Similarly, consistent with the professions multicultural and social justice emphases, provisions must be made to consider individuals personal strengths rather than assume that they must change to effectively lead.Stereotyped gender perspectives are generally unintentional and based largely on personal belief systems and experiences (Staggenborg, 1998). The organization might even benefit from female leaders who, as a way to validate women engaging in similar struggles, publicly share the challenges they face in their effort to balance multiple roles and responsibilities (Steiner, 2006).Mainstream authors (e.g., Warner, 2005) have suggested that organizational and societal infrastructures must change if women and men are to be equally successful. Providing child care at conferences, offering flexible work schedules, and identifying differential markers for success and accomplishment have been recommended (Levitt & Hermon, 2009).Defining leadership in terms of action and style rather than position and power is a framework that organization may endorse. Even exploration of the professional literature can have an impact on this perspective. Exploring gender differences with respect to social context, not simply a malefemale dichotomy, may provide greater meaning in the explorations of human development and counseling phenomena (Yoder & Kahn, 2003).My experience working with different gender either as a manager or subordinate, show a different aspect, characteristic and behavior of male and female leader. Most Malaysia male leader are more democratic, task oriented and open minded.Female leader on the other hand, adopt and strict follow the rule leaderships. However, no studies show that women are bad or worst leader. This may due to more male leader compare to women leaders. If both gender are equal in leadership role, some significant finding will can be shows.Currently, more women report to male manager/leader. The perception on good or bad leader will be totally based on their experience. However, some consideration should be make, to just good or bad leader. Some studies show, if leader either male or female which have characteristic as empowering, knowledgeable, inspiring were consider as good leader.If male or female who have characteristic as autocratic, unaspiring, degrading and manipulative is voted as bad leaders. This can be seen in our daily work. imputable to challenge, male and female who able to cope with pressure in either work or family life plus with hectic lifestyle today, they will become a good leader. Those who failed to cope with all the pressure, will somehow effecting their leaderships style.Some studies show that male have strong understand of their good or bad leader compare to women. Even in dyad relationships, male to male, female to female relationship should be good for organizations, but study show, men prefer male as their leaders.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Differences among Korea, India, and China

Korea, China and India are the countries that have historical backgrounds that make each of them renowned all over the world. These countries have unique attributes that make them stand issue to the whole world.Korea is a divided country of eastern Asia. It occupies a peninsula, about 450 miles in length, between the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea. China and a detail of the Soviet Union border Korea on the north. The nearest Japanese islands are about 30 miles away, in the Korea Strait. Since 1945, Korea has been divided into two political unitsthe Democratic mints Republic of Korea ( northeasterly Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).They are separated by a demilitarized zone, about 2 miles in width, along the armistice line established in 1953 at the close of the Korea War. The total area (including the demilitarized zone) is 85,049 square miles. North Korea occupies 46,540 square miles and South Korea 38,025 square miles. Virtually all the inhabitants of the peninsu la are Koreans. They are a mongoloid people, who apparently migrated in prehistoric times from what is now Manchuria. The Korean language is believed to be unrelated to any known tongue. There is, however, a strong excerpt of Chinese rallying crys in the vocabulary.A phonetic alphabetoriginally 28, now 24 lettershas been in use since 1443. In South Korea entreat a impoverished education and compulsory through six years of primary develop, which begins at age six. It is followed by three years of middle school and then three years of high school (Choi, 2003). The honcho institution of higher learning is Seoul National University. In North Korea, education is free and compulsory through tail fin years of primary school (which begins at age six), four years of middle school, and two years of high school. The study institution of higher learning is Kim II Sung University at Pyongyang. Technical education and the teaching of Communist ideology are stressed in North Korean educatio n.On the other hand, India or Republic of India is a country in southern Asia and a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations. India is an English word derived from the Sanskrit sindhu, which means river and was originally applied to the part of the Indus River now in Pakistan. In Hindi, the official national language established by the Indian constitution, the nation is called Bharat. India has to a greater extent than 800 languages and dialects.The constitution declares Hindi the national language, but English is also an official language in governance and is widely used. The constitution establishes for use in government 14 other major languages. In addition, education is primarily the responsibility of the state governments. The labor union, or central, government coordinates facilities and standards in the states, administer education in the union territories, and controls four universities and certain special schools (Brown, 2005).While China or the Peoples Republic of C hina is a country in eastern in eastern Asia. It is sometimes called Communist China or Mainland China to distinguish it from the Republic of China to distinguish it from the Republic of China, or Nationalist China, situated on the offshore island of Taiwan (Formosa). Both governments claim to be the rightful rulers of all China, but the Communists have been in firm control of the mainland since 1949 and since 1971 have been recognized by the United Nations as the legal rulers. Chinese, a Sino-Tibetan language, is spoken by most of the people in China.There are a large number of dialects, the chief being Cantonese, Fukienese, and Wu. The official language is the Mandarin dialect, officially called putonghua (common speech), which is understood by about 70 percent of people. Other languages include Tibetan, spoken in Tibet and split of China Proper Turkic, in Sinkiang Mongol, in Inner Mongolia and Thai, in parts of southern China (Barnett, 2006). With regards to its educational syst em, elementary education, depending on the program being pursued, lasts five or six years. Lower secondary education lasts three years upper secondary education, depending upon the school, two or three years. China has an extensive adult-educational program, curiously to teach literacy. About one-fourth of the population is illiterate.ReferenceBarnett, A.D. (2006). Modernizing China Post-Mao Reform and Development (Westview Press).Brown, J.M. (2005). Modern India the Origins of an Asian Democracy (Oxford University). Choi, Woonsang (2003). Korea a Chronology and fact Book (Oceana).

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Aqualisa Quartz Case Essay

Aqualisa quartzIn the signaling market, we tend to target plumbers and end users (Middle to high income) because most of the end users ar suggested by the plumbers. The others might buy from showrooms. Therefore, we have to target them as well Positioning StatementTo core-high income customers, Aqualisa lechatelierite is a high premium shower brand name which come under mixer shower form that offers property and latest intent because Aqualisa Quartz has benefits in water pressure, ease of installation, use and design.HOW 12775 comes ?This number is come from the fact that case study states that unit change of Quartz is between 30-40 units per day. So we take the mean which is 35 units and times 365 days. Therefore, the unit sold per social class is 12775. paradoxsThe problem for Aqualizer is that Plumbers be lack of neckledge and innovation of Aqualisa Quartz. Moreover, most customer decisions rely on plumbers. Second issue is the bad bugger off of electronic shower tha t customers and plumbers had. The last main issue is that brand recognition towards Aqualisa Quartz from Customer is very low because customers do not perceive the value of Aqualisa Quartz and the group of only high income customers (Current target) is quite too small. Solutions4Ps* merchandise* Price* PlaceHowever, the intersection, price and place will remain the same, because Aqualisa quartz is a new product and latest innovative shower so the functions and features ar the most improvement at the time (Temperature control, ease of installation, design, water pressure and usage). Another reason that we maintain the price to where it is, Aqualisa Quartz is a premium brand so the price should be high to remain brand image. Moreover, the company invested a lot for R&D and wanted to gain profit bound to break-even. And for the places, normally plumbers will buy from trade shop, and end users will buy at showrooms. Therefore, the existing channel is already effective and efficient. From the case (Exhibit 6), trade shops and showrooms fuck have 470,000 units per year. This shows that the two places are powerful to sell the products of Aqualisa.PromotionOur first strategy is to go after independent plumbers by providing product orientation events by calling plumber to attend the training and give 150 pounds as the compensation. This will satisfy and make the plumber attend because they do not support the income when they attend our training. The orientation will be held every 3 months changing by geography. We will gain Plumber information from Database from APHC Association of Plumbing & Heating. The aptitude for one meeting will be 100 seats per group. Thereasons we make 100 seats is because we believe that the larger the sample the higher chance of product achieving success. Another stategy is to create trust outlayy of Aqualisa Quartz from existing users to new customers. Opinion leaders will convince the new customers and also build the confidence in the existing users that the electronic shower (Aqualisa Quartz) will last long and not have any problems like the early electronic showers by guarantee the mirth by referring the comment from opinion leaders (from showrooms).The third strategy is the use of award will help communicate value of Aqualisa Quartz and build the customer relationship with the brand. By doing this, the company could expand the new target group from only high to high-middle income. This would segmented by the income per year. If we could make the middle income group believes that it is worth for them to spend on our product, sales per unit would dramatically improver since this group is even larger than the high income and higher value perceived as well. Aqualisa Quartz already has the advertisement about the products so all they should do is to specify the beneficial points of the product, and also present the prize of Aqualisa Quartz to inform the target who has the middle income as well as those who ha s high income.Goal defenseQuartz is a representative of the premium product under the brand Aqualisa, and the units sold are lower than the expectation of the Rawlinson (30-40 instead of 100-200 units per day). If we can sell more, it will generate overall sales a lot and potentially increase the market share.Problem defenseAccording to the case, plumbers would like to go for the familiar products which they have much experience. If there is any problem after installation, plumbers are responsible for the fixing costs. Therefore, they avert raiseing new product they are not familiar with. Moreover, the percentage of plumbers influencing customers decision is more than 50% which is resulted in they do not recommend Quartz to the customers. Another reason is that in year 1980, there were some manufacturers who introduced electronic showers, and the products were not successful because of the poor design and the failure of the usage. After that, it createdskepticism toward anything t hat is electronic. That makes two customers and plumbers refuse Quartz.The third reason is that Aqualisa Quartz answers all the features that the perfect showers should have in terms of water pressure, stable temperature, design, ease of installation and innovation. Even though the price is quite high the middle income can afford Aqualisa Quartz as well seen from the income information (15,000-30,000 pounds per year). For the problem of value perception, the evidence was in the year 2001. Quartz was awarded in the Bathroom Expo as a top prize since the very beginning of the Quartz but people did not know this information. Therefore, the sales of Aqualisa Quartz are not up to the expected units.Solution defenseThe Conducting of orientation meeting will cultivate the perception inside the plumbers mind. The centre of the meeting will be about the ease of the installation, and to show the convenience of the electronic functions of Quartz. In fact, Quartzs installation duration is of the other combative products. It is the benefit that the plumbers can do more than one job in a day. It can certainly ensure the increase in sale. To demonstrate, we will decidedly gain 12% of plumbers out from 10,000. These 12% of plumbers will generate sales 4 times higher than current sales. How many amount of sale would generate by plumbers?12% *12775= 1533 ( 12% comes from 1200 that attend in meeting for the whole three years) 1533*4=6132 ( 4 comes from 4 times faster installation which marrow faster installation will lead to higher sales) As a result, we can get the sale increase about 74% of the goal which increase the chance of success. From the case, customers and plumbers do not trust the shower with electronic system (Aqualisa Quartz included). They will not use this type of products because they have bad experience with the electronic shower before. If Aqualisa can show them that the problems were solved and the Aqualisa Quartz actually works. Some of the plumbers an d customers are willing to try it.Because the sales from show room are pretty strong (about 20% of the total sales) we can refer the comments from the real users and show them to the potential target groups. That would make them feel more confident to try our product. In conclusion, Aqualisa Quartz wasawarded in the expo but customers and plumbers do not notice. The problem is about the value perceived and trust. Therefore, this award can guarantee the quality and help with the value that is the awarded brand. We can do it by attaching the detail of award into the communication to make customers notice the cleverness and elegant design of Quartz.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Akron’s children Hospital (Case Study)

Akron Childrens Hospital started as a day c atomic number 18 nursery provider in 1890 and became one of the largest pediatric healthcare carcass in the united state. Akron Childrens Hospital is located in a friendly community of Akron, Ohio. With much than 3000 pediatric specialists Akron Childrens Hospital offers over 30 practice areas of medicine and surgery specialized for children which aid the infirmary draw over half a million patients a year not completely from the United states, but similarly from all over the world(akronchildrens. org).Akron Childrens Hospital mission is to provide medical examination treatments to infants, children, adolescents, as well as burn victims of all ages. The hospital also provide basic and clinical research and provide multi-level professional education students of medicine, nursing, as well as Akron residents and various allied health professions. Moreover, the hospital is continuing to provide education to encourage and to make it easy o n the process of life desire learning for physicians and early(a)(a) childrens care providers in the health care industry.Akron Childrens Hospital load is to conserve the maximum quality of care for children by using the latest modern technology and equipment available. Akron is perpet regulate to promote integrity, emphasize the dignity, family member and fellow employee to embody the topmost standards of ethical conduct. The hospital is committed to maintain and press forward the hospitals leadership role to successfully work pleasantly with other health care networks providers, community organizations, businesses as well as government to maintain a handy professional allied and lastly operation.According to Cooper & Schindler the basic dilemma and starting trying to break off other question by breaking down the original question is the right way to burn down the research process( Cooper & Schindler,2008). The management-research question hierarchy for Akron Childrens Hos pital is that the hospital faces is how to raise the bed-occupancy rate and what can the hospital do to construct more business than its competitors. Another dilemma in Akrons case the management is that Akron Childrens hospital distinguishing itself from many of their competitors.The research question for Akron Childrens hospital was close expending their service beyond Summit County to other different counties such as Cuyahoga County, Portage County, Mahoning County, and Medina County, which will add-on the number of the patient and bring more profit. Some of the investigative questions for Akron Childrens hospital were as follow How do childrens parent decides which hospital to take their children to, when their children need acute care? Is their decision operate simply by emotion? Is the financing a determine factor?Is the quality of service a factor on their decision? (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). During the research process Marcus Tomas LLC team had to observed physicians, pa rents, and child patients during testing, diagnosis, and treatment phases, they were also observing while kids were during checkups, admitted to the ER, undergoing surgery as well as prepping for surgery. They pay great detail to the interactions of patients and physicians, nurses and other staff members they pay attention, physical and emotional reactions and heart-wrenching conversations (Copper, Schindler, 2008, cases, p. 2).The Advantages of it all is that researcher s can see a step- by-step first-hand the experiences between parents, children and hospital staff in the hospital. Furthermore, Researchers can immediately record their observances and findings. The recordings of audio or delineation were very good solid evidence therefore there werent not a lap of room for error in this method. Researchers made sure that all staff of the hospital was fully invested into the wellbeing of their child patients. The researchers were able to see how technology, highly energetic staff, highly knowledgeable staff and full benignity for the children work in collaboration.They saw a very strong desire by the entire hospital for the children recover and be the best they can possibly be once leaving the hospital. Some of the disadvantages are that researchers did not gain any knowledge of past experiences if all they do is watching the present. Researchers cannot really gain opinions by this method. Equipment and staffing can be extremely expensive. Some test subjects may act different or be more anxious if they know someone is watching and/or recording interactions.Conclusively Akron Childrens Hospital management and executives have come to conclusion and realized that the process of overcome the competitors surfing above competitors shadow, also generating an effective marketing plan will require an extensive soft research. They made a decision of hiring Marcus Thomas LLC. Overall the research was well executed because in the long run Akron Childrens Hospital was able to gain an increase on the number of patients admitted to the hospital, as the guide of a better comprehension based on the patients parent point of view about their of necessity and their perspectives.References Cooper, R. D., & Schindler, S. P. (2008). Business Research Methods. (10th Edition) New York McGray-Hill/Irwin. Cooper, R. D., & Schindler, S. P. (2008). Business Research Methods Cases. (10th Edition) New York McGray-Hill/Irwin. (N. D). (2010). Corporate info. Akronchildrens.org. Retrieved may 23, 2013 from https//www.akronchildrens.org/cms/site/14908a4d74b348d5/index.html (N.D). (2010). Akron Childrens Hospital, Ohio /overview. U.S.News & World. Retrieved May 23, 2013 fromhttp//health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/akron-childrens-

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Culture Intervention in the School Essay

In (PLEASE PUT THE NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL HERE), students coming from contrary races and ethnicities atomic number 18 accepted. Thus, this creates a student body which is culturally diverse and different in term of the beliefs, values, languages, and other aspects related to glossiness. People coming from different cultures are not expected to have a harmonious relationship right away especially with encounter to their young age. However, there may be some forms of intervention that quite a little reduce the friction, tension, and conflict overdue to cultural differences.Before delving into the details of intervention for culture, it is necessary to define culture to be able to localize the right elements. Culture is defined in anthropology, the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in hearty groups learn, create, and share (Bodley, 2005). This is comprised of the beliefs, rules of behavior, language, rituals, art, technology, style of dress, ways of producing an d cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems (Bodley, 2005).Thus, the term culture encompasses a replete(p) range of factors that paves the way for more differences among the students. There are several intervention measures that can be instal into application in the school. First, it is important that there is an atmosphere in existent in the school that clear sets a zero tolerance for browbeat and by-standing within the premises of the school. Bullying and by-standing are common consequences of variations in culture. More often than not, the students belonging to the majority culture teases the students who are members of the cultural minority groups.This could lead to bullying and constant fear and inferiority for those who become the victims of the bullies and by-standers. With the foregoing statement, the school administration, in cooperation with the parents, should be able to tally a concerted effort to make and agree on policies that ordain lead to harm onious relationships betwixt the culturally-varied students. Corresponding sanctions should be placed upon the violations and their degrees should be identified.Moreover, rewards for those students who help in creating a stable environment and who makes a way to accept cultural differences in the school should be given a rewards in terms of academic and recognition factors. This is a long and tedious process and there are a potentiometer of factors and minute details to be considered in making the policies. Also, through the cooperation of the parents, there will be funding measures even when the children go back to their homes. It will not simply be a school responsibleness for them but hopefully, will become a way of life and a part of their values.Second, there is a need for adult mentors to become visible to the students. However, they should not see these adult mentors as someone who would forever pinpoint their mistakes and become an authoritative figure that will constri ct their movements. Rather, these adult mentors should be perceived as persons who will be a help within their reach for any problem they have. Adult mentors will be based on a schedule formulated for each break period to guard on places where the children mostly are and in places that become a favorable place for bullying.The procedures for this should be discusses in concert with the first culture intervention. Lastly, the students should also be involved in the efforts to have an environment which accepts cultural differences. This can be done by having one class period devoted to an open discussion regarding the different cultures of students and to highlight the exciting and new information about each culture. This way, the students will become aware that it is not only their culture that is in existent but there are a lot of dyed things to look forward to in the treasure box of another students culture.Also, the homeroom adviser or teacher could serve as a facilitator for di scussion that will dwell on the different problems of culture they have in the school right now. The children are expected to understand this with a proper story from the facilitator. The facilitators of the group discussions will have to undergo training for this subject. References Bodley, J. H. 2005. Culture. Microsoft Encarta 2006 CD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Roles of the Artist: Maya Lin

artisan Maya Line There are unmatchable bulge of four roles that every artist could play and the one that I believe Maya Line plays is Artists make a visual record of the people, places, and events of their time and place. I believe that this is how I have see her portrayed in this film because every last(predicate) of the landmarks and monuments that she had made were all so great due to the personal factor of having the historical names and times written on them.One of the greatest accomplishments/landmarks she has made was the titian veterans memorial. She made it so simplistic yet powerful due to the great guidance she personalized it. She made it more personal by having all the full names written out chronologically by the year they were killed. This gave the families and the veterans more peace since everyone was recognized for what they have accomplished by component part our country. One more really great monument she had created was her civil rights memorial.That memor ial showed all of the history and moments that happened with the times of the civil rights movement and she also add it a platform where she was able to put piss . The reason behind this was that she wanted people to be able to connect it and feel such a connection with It especially when the water started moving direction due to the touches it was getting. Maya Line was an artist/ architect that ever wanted all of her work to have some sort of significance or personality.She Is an artist that makes a visual record of Important or significant events and adds a touch or such comfort to where people could easily feel a connection to her work. She was not so appreciated when her design for the perfect(a) memorial was chosen but when It was really put up everyone realize that the simplicity and chronological array Is what made people so emotionally connected / honored by It. These are the reasons why I believe that she Is an artist that makes visual records or times, places, and events of their time and place.One this I notices was such a big issue that was Inspiring a lot of the art she made was water. I believe she said It had a eternity about It that made It so continuous and light I do believe the personal touch she adds to each piece of art she creates which to me makes her a better artist. By Jasmine 2 that she wanted people to be able to touch it and feel such a connection with it of significance or personality.She is an artist that makes a visual record of important veterans memorial was chosen but when it was really put up everyone realized that the simplicity and chronological order is what made people so emotionally connected / honored by it. These are the reasons why I believe that she is an artist this I notices was such a big amour that was inspiring a lot of the art she made was water. I believe she said it had a timelessness about it that made it so continuous

Friday, May 17, 2019

Colorblind

hope was a young bride that was adopted with no union to the past that marries a successful Louisianan plantation owner. Desire and Armband have a bodge, but something isnt quite justly with him because at about three months of age the truth comes out, the baby has African origins causing the marriage to dissolve. Armbands electric charge leads to heartache and tragedy because he valued his family name more than his family. Having a mulatto in those times was non unheard of, but non in his family.The cultural system is flawed because it leads to pride being challenged and personalized humiliation of social system based on white supremacy and the oppression f women and batch of color. Waits 2 Armbands misogynistic pride was destructive to the faithful relationship that Desire and he shared in the beginning. It seems that Armband wasnt in truth in love with Desire, at least not truly. Armband Abusing riding by seeing her there had fall in love with her.That was the way all th e Bigness fell in love, as if struck by a pistol shot (301). Armband has known Dsire for years and never felt any feelings for her, so it seems to agent that it was apparent that he was driven by his unconscious assign, or as Sigmund Freud says his lust for her and not as a deep seated emotional love. His prideful name leads us to believe his love is exclusively niggling because he doesnt care where she came from, his all concern was that she carried his last name. Desire was only his possession, not his wife. The fad that awoke in him that day, when he saw her at the gate, swept along like and avalanche He was reminded that she was nameless. What did that subject about a name when he could give her the oldest and proudest in Louisiana (302)? Armband is selfish. He has it all, family name that seems to be compared to royalty, a wealthy plantation owner with vast slaves, all of which hes normally cruel to except when he gets married and his prideful baby boy was born. Armband s eemed kinder, gentler, and more tolerant. He hasnt punished hotshot of them-not one of them-since the baby is born. Even Engineering, who pretended to have burnt his leg that he might rest from work-he only laughed, and express Engineering was a great scamp (302). Although his face has softened and his demeanor is less oppressive, still his only concern is the family name. Desire, the baby, and the slaves are still viewed to him as property and possessions, ones that are level-headed or bad, but all way his name is upon them and whatever they do reflects his name.Once Armband realizes that his baby boy, the one to carry on his name was of African dissent, the baby and Desire were cast aside Waits 3 because they were no longer any use to him. Their value was nothing to him any longer because his pride and heritage were at stake. Armband is a wealthy plantation owner, he courts, marries, and fathers a child, but in the end his pride leads him to ultimately turn his back on his f amily. The other(a) major issue that Desires Baby brings to light is that of racial discrimination.Racism, with an indispensable set of truths-racism only victimizes all possessions in the southward that lead to the ultimate superiority ideology. The superior ideology says that being black is an evil curse that must be stamped out. African Americans were considered inferior to the white culture which led to Desire and her babys destruction. Armband ruled with an iron fist as a cruel master in Southern legend. Young Bigamys rule was a rigid one, too, and under it is Negroes had forgotten how to be gay, as they had been during the old masters easy-going and indulgent lifetime (302).He was mean and enormously for how he treated his slaves and finally his wife. The baby, at three months old seemed to resemble La Blanches little squadron boy who was stand beside the baby cull outning him to cool him off. One of La Blanches little squadron boys-half naked too- stood fanning the ch ild slowly with a fan of peacock feathers. Desires eyes had been fixed absently and sadly upon the baby, while she was striving to penetrate the heartening haze over that she felt closing about her. She looked from the child to the boy who stood beside him, and back again.. T was a cry that she could not help She tried to speak to the little squadron boy but no sound would come at first She stayed motionless, with gaze riveted upon on her child, and her face the picture of fright (303). The quote shows the beginning of the end for the Abusing family. The superficial love that Armband had for Desire, was completely gone. The only thing left was the racist, black heart he had. Waits 4 Merriam Webster defines racism as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capabilities. Racism played a huge part in the story because once Armband found out that his baby boy had an African heritage, his whole attitude changed. His attitude towards the love of his life was cast aside along with her baby and patrol wagon were broken. Armband assumed it was Desire that was not white, but in actuality, it was him who was not. But, above all, she wrote, night and day, I thank the good God for having so arranged our lives that our dear Armband will never know hat his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is blamed with the brand of slavery (305).The story has certain aspects of situational irony such a reversal clearly shows that ideas of race, and the racism stemming from such ideas, are created by humans and humans alone. The use of situational irony in Desires Baby is important because it makes the finishing of discovering Armbands origins much more powerful. The reader is somewhat confused as to the outcome of the irony because the reader thinks its Desires accuse as well. The story begins with her not having a name and Armband giving her one of the oldest and proudest names in Louisiana.The irony of the situation was that Armband was expect ing it to be Desires fault, but as it is clearly written, it was not. Desires Baby dealt with societys issue of slavery, miscegenation, and the assignment and classification of race. Desire and her baby were victims of the superior culture of the times, but the situational irony where Armband blames Desire is profound in the sense that one can never be too certain of his or her heritage.

Blizzard the Century

skin rashs, the ab bulge out dangerous of all winter encounters be characterized by 20 degrees Fahrenheit and sexs of at to the lowest degree 35 miles per hour. Along with number one temperatures and wind, blizzards similarly realize in heavy light speedfall (Blizzards, 1999). The second week of attest 1993 is a significant date in the memoir of the easterly unify States because it is the twenty-four hours when it was struck by one of the most intense blizzards forever known. Record low pressures, wind speeds, low temperatures and beguilefall amounts guaranteed that this draw would win the title Storm of the coke even while it lasted.Later, it came to be referred to as Super combat 93 or The 1993 Superstorm (Wendland, 1993). This was a elevatedly devastative storm that killed everyplace 250 community and resulted in the canceling of almost 25% of the United States flights for two days. It simultaneously affected the lives of 130,000,000 people in the United Stat es. While it may not be the worst storm ever, it did affect a large orbit. On the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale it would have been a category 3. The storm affected 26 lands and 50% of the US population. institutionFrom border 12th to the 15th, 1993, the blizzard of the century caused huge handicap to the Easter United States. According to com defineerized culture from the National prevail Service, an intense winter storm was beginning to form and grow significantly in the Gulf of Mexico. It was found that the storm was the outcome of three different atmospheric disturbances a major bundle up of thunderstorms in the Gulf of Mexico, a band of reverse and rain from the Pacific, and gusty winds with light carbon from the opposite Circle (Sander and Conner, 2006). Weather imagineers described the phenomenon as a disorganized area of low pressure.As they discovered it closely, they predicted that a terrible storm can bubble up from the Gulf of Mexico, if the low pressure are a happens to meet colder air over the northern areas of the United States. This happened very soon. The low pressure area was met by an arctic high pressure system in the mid(prenominal) westboundern Great Plains, brought into the mid-latitudes by an unusually dive southward jet stream. When the powerful high-pressure system entered the Great Plains through the unusually southward paired jet stream, the cold hold up moved into the eastern part of the United States naturally.Because of this temperatures dropped to below freezing token of water and ascorbic acid fall occurred. A cyclonic low pressure system that happened to be revolve directly to the south of Nova Scotia added to the low temperatures and snowfall and this set the stage for the truly fearsome storm. By Thursday, expose 12th, the storm became very perceptible on the Florida coast due to its high winds, tornadoes and a storm pot twelve feet above normal. The next day, the storm moved cross ways the southeastern states, leaving destruction and agree chaos all along its path and paralyzing Eastern Kentucky (Sander and Conner, 2006).Description The storm caused wide and varied effect across the nations. There were thunderstorms in Texas. Usually, Texas has only rain and not much snow. The blizzard of 1993 brought to Texas in March, a portion of snow fall. In the state of Florida the barometric pressure dropped to platter lows, and as the thunderstorms swept across the state, cardinal tornadoes claimed seven lives. A mild snowfall began over upstate New York and New England between 600 and 700 am Saturday, March 13. This increased in intensity and soon the blizzard raced through the Mid Atlantic states.Snowflakes the size of a persons fist was reported for a time with the enactment of one of the thunder snow bands at Bridgeport, CT (UCAR, 2006). Due to the combination of heavy snow and high winds, in that respect was zero visibility at most places. New York and the six New England States all tell disaster emergencies during the height of the storm. Most of the major roads were closed to travel and these included the north-centralway, I-88, Thruway, and Massachusetts turnpike. alternate roads were already blocked by snow.Almost all airports were shut mass. Snow piled up to record levels for some(prenominal) cities in the Northeast (UCAR, 2006). Impact of the Blizzard The blizzard of 1993 was one that broke many another(prenominal) records in the history of Kentucky, through the amount of snowfall and size. The travel department was the most affected and over 4,000 motorists were stranded. To cope with this crisis situation, destiny shelters were set up over much of Eastern Kentucky. High school gyms and public facilities were opened up for stranded people to sleep in.The National Guard was brought in for their services in order to send away roads, and to open xx armories as additional shelters for motorists. There needed to be immediate disaster relief. wo rld Works met this challenge by plowing and removing snow, salting streets and checking for icy conditions (PPW, 2006). Crews worked around the clock to restore impregnable driving conditions, and Pittsburgh streets quickly returned to normal (PPW, 2006). Record low temperatures were predominant in the land area reach from the Gulf Coast to Maine. Every major airport along the east coast was forced to close.Homes in any case fell into the sea or certain damage by wind or waves on the west coast of Florida, along the outer banks of North Carolina, and on Long Island. Fallen tree limbs and power lines left over(p) 3 million people along the storms path in the dark (Sherman, 2006). The blizzard caused dramatic weather changes in many places such as Birmingham, Alabama, Atlanta, Georgia, and Chattanooga, Tennessee which were buried by paralyzing snows and frozen by unseasonable cold. The severe cold following the storm preserved much of the snow, prolonging travel shadowmares for a checkmate days over the south where most roads were never plowed.The combined effects of high wind and heavy wet snow wareed thousands of miles of power lines leaving millions of people in the dark for up to a week in some cases over the south. Tornadoes struck Tennessee and Ohio valleys, as well as the Appalachians on Friday night March 12 (UCAR, 2006). The tornadoes along with highly powerful straight line winds from the parent severe thunderstorms, and the vast storm surge along the west coast, inflicted millions of dollars in property damage. During the peak of the storm, roughly 1/3 of the country was simultaneously being affected by harsh winter weather.Insurance claims from Texas to Maine tallied damage estimates in the billions of dollars. The buzzer in human life was extensive. Approximately 285 fatalities nationwide can be directly attributed to the storm. The psychological advert in the Southern states, where average high temperatures in March tend to run into the 60s Fahrenheit, was magnified by the fact that it struck a week before spring. A NASCAR event at Atlanta repulse Speedway had to be postponed a week due to the storm. Many factory roofs collapsed due to weight of the snow.Snowdrifts on the against the wind sides of buildings resulted in the falling of poorly anchored decks in folks. Many people had to be rescued from the Appalachians and many of them were on the Appalachian trail, or visiting cabins and lodges in remote locales. Boone, North Carolina was surprised by 24 hours of hired gun zero temperatures along with storm winds, which gusted as high as 110 miles per hour. Electricity was not restored to many isolated rural areas for a week or more. Farther to the South, numerous super cells developed over the state of Florida, leading tornadoes and lightning strikes. Impact DataThis blizzard was the largest in terms of the area it affected. More than half of the countrys population in twenty-six different states was affected by the blizzard of 1993. 44 deaths in Florida were attributed either to the tornadoes or other severe weather (Lott, 1993). During the storm, school activities and government services in 30 counties were affected. In fact 73 out of Kentuckys 120 counties were found to be eligible for reimbursement for the cost of emergency snow removal. The massive March 1993 blizzard killed five people in Kentucky and over 270 people nationwide (Lott, 1993).The damage costs exceeded 1. 6 billion dollars. Hence, the blizzard of 1993 became the fourth costliest storm in U. S. history. At least 18 homes fell into the sea on Long Island due to the pounding surf. About 200 homes along North Carolinas Outer Banks were damaged and may be uninhabitable. Over 160 people were rescued at sea by the Coast Guard in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic. At least 1 freighter sank in the Gulf of Mexico (Lott, 1993). Scientific Data The storm stretched from Canada to Central America. But the main impact was felt in the Eastern United States and Cuba.Areas as far south as Atlanta, Georgia received 5 to 50 inches (13 to 130 cm) of snow, accompanied by hurricane-force wind gusts and record low barometric pressures. Prior to the storm, the record for a single days snowfall had been 18 inches in Kentucky. This snowfall covered most of Eastern and Southeastern Kentucky with or so 30 inches of snow. London, Kentucky deliberate a depth of 22 inches, while Jackson and Closplint both had 20 inches of snow on the ground. The maximum snowfall was measured at Perry County 30 inches.Powerful winds raged across Kentucky blocking any sweet of relief effort put up by people. Winds up to 43 miles per hour were recorded in Pike Co. , and a 30- miles per hour clip blew over much of the state. The heavy snows, coupled with high winds created large snow drifts 8-10 feet in many places such as Pikeville and London over roads and highways. I-75 from Lexington to the Tennessee border was shut down for two days, a s was I-64 from Lexington eastward. All state and federal highways south of I-64 and east of I-75 were also closed.The maximum snow depth recorded from the blizzard was 56 inches on Mt. Leconte in Tennessee. Millions of people woke up to snowfalls as thick-skulled and frequently deeper than 3 feet (1 meter), and in places high winds had heaped drifts to depths of 30 feet (9. 5 meters). It was later measured that the snowfall put down by the storm was nearly 12. 91 cubic miles (53. 96 cubic kilometers). As the storm moved northward, it became stronger and stronger and caused severe drops in pressure. The barometric pressure in parts of New England dropped to record low levels 28. 35 inches Hg (960 mb).Such low reading is usually seen only in the centers of extraordinarily strong hurricanes. crossways may parts of New England, temperatures on the worst blizzard day (March 13, 1993) failed to exceed 14F (-10C), which was a unusual phenomenon in this region. Birmingham recorded a rec ord low of 2 degrees Fahrenheit during the storm. xv tornadoes in Florida killed 44 while 6 inches of snow fell on the Florida Panhandle. Mount LeConte in Tennessee received 56 inches of snow. 43 inches fell at siege of Syracuse, NY, 27 in Albany, NY, 20 inches at Chattanooga, TN, 16 in Roanoke, VA.Winds over 100 were reported on the Dry Tortugas (west of Key West, FL), in North Carolina on immune carrier Mountain while winds over hurricane force were reported from Louisiana and Florida to New York and New England (Sherman, 2006). The storm also set records for snowfall in places such as Birmingham, Alabama, where 33 centimeters fell, and Cooperstown, New York, which had 71 centimeters. Powerful winds that were stronger than many hurricane forces smashed the gulf coast, Appalachians, and eastern seaboard. Equipment on oil drilling platforms off the Louisiana coast measured the wind power as close to 99 mph on Friday evening, March 12.Winds estimated up to120 mph blasted the Florid a west coast early Saturday, March 13, producing a six to ten foot storm surge. Winds up to 100 mph were measured over the mountains of North Carolina Saturday afternoon, March 13. And, 81 mph winds measured at Bostons Logan International airport Saturday evening, March 13, closed the facility and aided in the shut down of the city. Snowfall Records The incredible data can be summarized as follows (UCAR, 2006) 35. 6 inches of snow in twenty four hours (10am Saturday 10am Sunday. ) The previous record was 27. 2 inches set in January 1925. 22. 1 inches of snow on Saturday, March 13, breaking the old snowfall record for that date which was 4. 1 inches set in 1961. 19. 9 inches of snow on Sunday, March 14, breaking the old snowfall record for that date which was 8. 6 inches set in 1956. Seasonal snowfall by March 14 measured 174. 8 inches making the 1992-93 season the snowiest on record, breaking the old record of 166. 9 inches set in the winter of 1991-92 March snowfall total 49. 3 inches as of March 14 making March 1993 the snowiest on record at Syracuse breaking the old record of 41.4 inches set in 1932. Thunderstorms and Lightning On Saturday morning, March 13, 1993, people in the Eastern United States heard the raging sound of strong wind and the crashing sounds of thunder. They could see flashes of light amidst heavy blowing snow. They were perplexed. How could there be thunder and lightning in the middle of a blizzard. Although it is an unusual occurrence, thunderstorms can accompany a snowstorm. This weather phenomenon is known as thundersnow. Snow falls are produced when warm rising moist air meets in any case cold air close to the earths sur expect.Most snowstorms do not produce thunder and lightning because the dynamics in the atmosphere are not unstable enough to create this interesting phenomenon. Only an exceedingly powerful winter storm system, if accompanied by intensely cold air in the amphetamine regions of the troposphere, can produce thu ndersnow. The blizzard of 1993 also produced an unusually large number of lightning flashes up to 5000 an hour. Richard Orville, of Texas A & M University, has studied this blizzard lightning (Orville, 1993)), examining data from a network of magnetic direction finders.These devices were used to record the characteristics of lightning flashes from obliterate to ground across the US. Each of the flashes recorded in Orvilles survey was reported by at least two direction finders within 600 kilometers of the flash. At this range, the detectors can distinguish between flashes carrying negative charge downwards, which accounts for most of them, and those carrying positive charge downwards which produce the remaining 13 per cent. There was maximum lightning near Florida, in all probability because of the warmth of the waters of the Gulf Stream.Overall, the storm produced 59 000 cloud-to-ground flashes, with a peak of 5100 flashes an hour and a maximum density of strikes of 0. 16 per squ are kilometer unspoiled south of Tampa, Florida. Orville in the New Scientist, dated 11 September 1993 said The reasons for the high flash rates and the apparent rapid ces sit downion of cloud-to-ground lightning as the storm propagated north of the Carolinas is still to be determined. Subtropical Derecho In addition to the blizzard, a serial derecho occurred in the U. S. state of Florida on March 12 and 13, 1993.The derecho moved into Florida and Cuba around midnight on March 13 and moved out of Cuba just before sunrise. During its stay, the derecho resulted in ten tornadoes one of which killed three people when it struck a home. In Cuba wind gusts ranged between 100 to 130 mph according to a research team from the bring in of Meteorology of Cuba. The derecho resulted in 10 deaths in Cuba and caused US$1 billion in damage in Cuba alone (Wikipedia, 2006). The Human Angle Media reporting on the Blizzard of 1993 have helped to keep the memories of that historical day alive. The Bli zzard of 93 is about to commence All preparations should have been made I wonder what the forecaster who sat here 105 years ago today was thinking. Warren Snyder, Senior Forecaster for the National Weather Service Office in Albany, New York typed these words in his early morning state forecast discussion on March 13, 1993 (Smith, 2006). Eric Thomas on WBTV-Charlotte declared that this may not be just the storm of the century but the strongest storm in the history of mankind. The New York Times reported The Blizzard of 1993 became a blizzard in the metropolitan region during a three-hour stretch at midday yesterday when visibility dropped below a quarter of a mile from falling and blowing snow and winds blew at least 35 miles an hour (NYT, 1993) Apart from media reporting, citizens have also shared their experiences on that historic day. Emily Flowers remembers marching in the St. Patricks butt on of 1993 with the Brashear High School marching band. She recollects that there wa s rightfully no one to witness the parade and the marchers were covered in snow by parades end.She was then stuck up at her boyfriends house for three days. Terry Griffith recollects that on that stormy day, the busses and streetcars stopped running. The taxi cabs stopped service. The parkway and all ways out of the city were closed. All the hotels were booked and if you were still downtown by 4 pm you were really stuck (Griffith, 2006). Conclusion The Blizzard of 1993 was truly the Storm of the Century in terms of its intensity, area covered and record snowfalls. Such natural disasters as the blizzard of 1993 awaken man to his own vulnerability in the face of natures immense powers.These disasters also enable the growth of science and help in bringing mankind together to study, understand and learn coping strategies for the future. Bibliography Lott, Neal (1993). The Big One A Review of the March 12-14, 1993 Storm of the Century. National Climatic Data Center Research Customer Se rvice Group. whitethorn 14, 1993. ftp//ftp. ncdc. noaa. gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9301/tr9301. pdf PPW (2006). Blizzard of 1993. Pittsburgh Public Works. http//www. city. pittsburgh. pa. us/pw/ hypertext mark-up language/blizzard_of_1993. html Griffith, Terry (2006). The Pittsburgh St.Patricks sidereal day Parade remembers the blizzard of 1993. http//www. pittsburghirish. org/parade/Blizzard/index. htm. Orville, E. Richard (1993). Cloud-to-ground lightening in the blizzard of 1993. Geophysical Research Letters, people 20, Issue 13, p. 1367-1370. http//adsabs. harvard. edu/abs/1993GeoRL.. 20. 1367O Sander, David and Conner, Glen (2006). Fact Sheet Blizzard of 1993. http//kyclim. wku. edu/factSheets/blizzard. htm Wendland, Wayne. Weather and mode Impacts in the Midwest. March 1993 Midwestern Climate Center. Vol. III, No. 4. Blizzards. http//www. weather.com/breaking_weather/encyclopedia/winter/blizzard. html. (October 21, 1999). Sherman (2006). Storm of the Century. http//snrs. unl. edu/amet498/sherman/blizzard93. html UCAR (2006). The Blizzard of 93. http//eo. ucar. edu/webweather/blizzardstory. html NYT (1993). THE BLIZZARD OF 93 It Was, Indeed, Blizzard of 93. http//query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9F0CE3D81F39F937A25750C0A965958260 Smith, Tony (2006). Storm of the Century. http//www. valdostamuseum. org/hamsmith/thunderflood. htmlblizzard Wikipedia (2006). 1993 North American Storm Complex. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The